~ passive learning is better for beginners, active learning better for experts

— ❐ Learning & Games﹕ A Confession

Moreover, Markant & Gureckis (2014) showed that active exploration provided no benefit over passive input when there was a mismatch between the target concept and learners’ prior hypotheses

— ❐ When does passive learning improve the effectiveness of active learning﹖

• novice vs. expert

• ↑ ~ what's effective for a novice is ineffective for an expert and vice versa